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Muscat ||
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Al Buraimi
|| Al Batinah
||The Dakhiliyah ||
Al Sharqiyah ||
The Dhahirah ||
Al Wusta
Ash Sharqiyah
Region
Ash Sharqiyah Region is
the north east front of Oman over looking the Arabian Sea from the east. It
includes the internal side of Al Hajr Al sharqi mountains which join it from the
north. It also joins Wahibah Sand frmothe south and Ad Dakhliyah Region from the
west.
Ash Sharqiyah Region consists of wilayats : Sur , Ibra, Bidiyah, AI Qabil,
Al Mudaybi Dima Wa At Taiyyin, Al Kamil Wa Al Wafi,.Jaalan Bani Bu Ali, Jaalan
Bani Bu Hussan, Wadi Bani Khalid, Masirah.
Sur town is one of the regional centers Located some 337 Kms from the
Capital Muscat and the most important of Ash Sharqiyah cities. It played a
historical rule in trade and navigation in the Indian Ocean. It was also known
for ship buildding, as it was the most renowned city in the Arabian Peninsula in
ship building in the last century. Besides, marine activity and ship building,
Sur is femous for some historical touristic places such as caves. It is also
known wood industries. textiles and produces a number of agricultural crops.
Ibra - the second regional center - is an agricultural wilayat. It also has
some crafts and traditional industries. As regards Masirah Island which is in
the Arabian Sea, it is distinguished for its strategic location and for the
massive and different species of turtles which lay and hatch their eggs in the
coasts of the island.
Wilayat Sur
Sur is located in the northern part of the Sharqiya coast in the Sultanate.
It is constrained on the east side between the Arabian Sea on one side and the
Gulf of Oman on the other. From the west it neighbors the Wilayat of Wadi Bani
Khalid and from the north the Wilayat of Quriyat which is part of the
Governorate of Muscat and in the south it neighbors the two Wilayats of Al Kamil
and Al Waafi and Bani Bu Ali & Ja'alan Bani Bu Hassan. It stretches from Ras Al
Had in the east to the mountains of Bani Jabir in the west and from Tiwi in the
north to Al Faleej in the south. It contains about 112 villages and towns. They
describe it as the pearl of the east coast of the Sultanate. It was the main
source for sailors for Oman's navy, which played an illustrious role in maritime
history. It formed the gateway of the east of Oman and was a historical meeting
place for sea routes. Malik Bin Faham Al Azdi Al 'Umani adopted it as the
capital of his kingdom in 2500 B.C. When Qalahat became an important urban
centre, the Wilayat of Sur flourished. In ancient times it was a Phoenician
settlement, named after a city in south Lebanon. Ras Al Hadd is part of the
Wilayat of Sur, it overlooks the sea and it is a natural harbor for sailing
ships. When storms blow, they can take refuge in the two inlets of Al Hajar and
Jarama. The area is characterized by its tortuous inlets, which I made it a
suitable place to build an air base during the Second World war. It was a refuge
where aero planes took shelter when they needed it. Traces of this airport can
still be seen !
One of the most outstanding fortresses in the wilayat of Sur is the fort Al
Rafsah which was used- long ago- to guard the main gateway to the Wilayat on the
desert road .Now, a strong chain has been put up to stop people going in, for
safety and preservation purpose. This forts was restored recently by the
Ministry of National Heritage and Culture." Hasan Bilad Sur" is considered one
of the most important forts in the Wilayat, it was previously the Wali's forts,
used as a place of celebration on festivals and special occasions. It has also
been restored. There are also other Forts like Sinaislah Forts, Ras Al Had and
Ebn Magrib Fort.
The springs, falaj and caves are tourist attractions in the Wilayat of
Sur. There are some small springs in the mountainous areas, which are used to
irrigate cultivated areas. There are 102 falaj, which the people of the Wilayat
use for various purpose. One of the most important caves, for which the Wilayat
of Sur is famous, is "Majlas Al Jinn" which is located in Wadi Bani Jabir. It is
the size of seven aero planes and was discovered by satellite. In addition there
are the caves of "Maghart Al'ais and "Jarf Mankharaq". "Wadi Shab" is a
touristic attraction in Tiwi.
Wilayat Ibra
In the north and west it neighbors the Wilayat of Al Mudaibi, in the south
the Wilayat of Qabil, and in the east the Wilayat of Dima and Taaiyin.
It contains about 70 villages. There are a number of archaeological
features, castles, forts, towers and ancient mosques.
There is only one castle, Al Dhahir, which is in the Al Yahmadi area which
has recently been restored by the Ministry of National Culture and Heritage.
There are five forts : Al Shubbak, Farifar, Al Daghsha, Al Yahmadi and
Bait Al Qasimi .There are also nine towers: Al Qatabi, Al Naasiri, Al Qala'a, Al
Mansur, Al Nataala, Al Qarin, San'aa, Al Safah and Burj Al Qarun
The
most important mosque is the is the Al 'Aqaba Mosque, which was built at the
foot of Jabal Al Naasiri. Its mihrab faces Jerusalem and it is from this mosque
that the Wilayat took its emblem.
Springs, falaj and caves make up the tourist attractions in the Wilayat.
The most important springs are: Abu Saalih, Al Diyaan, and Shabihaat, the water
from all of these can be drunk. 'Ain Al Milah is famous because its mineral
water can cure skin diseases. There used to be 64 falaj in the Wilayat, but now
only 34 remain. The most important are : Al Writ, Al Masmum, Al Thaabati, and
Abu Makhirin. The most outstanding cave is the cave of Jarf Rajib. In addition
there are some other tourist attractions noted for their water and shady trees,
places such as: Faj Majaaza in Al Haaimah area, Al Hadima in Al Yahmadi area and
Qasiba in the south of Qaghifa.
Wilayat bidiya
This
Wilayat is almost in the middle of the Sharqiya, north of it is the Wilayat of
AI Qabil and in the east it neighbours the Wilayats of Al Kamil and Al Wafi and
Wadi Bani Khalid.I contains about 15 villages. Story tellers relate that it was
established when the Hajjaris (who are the majority of the inhabitants) arrived
there. That was in 1008 A.H. They built castles and forts, and they made a
number of falaj, before which the Wilayat was reliant on wells. This stage "the
descending of the Hajjaris" was considered the beginning of its prosperity and
so they called it "Badiya" (the beginning) - thus relate the story tellers ....
One of the most important sites, in the Wilayat of Badiya is the fort which
the Ministry of National Heritage and Culture restored recently. It is the fort
of Al Mintarib. There is also the fortress of Al Wasil. This is surrounded by
four towers, in addition to three other forts, which are called Al Shaariq, Al
Hawiya and Al Ghabi.
Added to the tourist attractions of the Wilayat are the falaj, springs and
other pleasant places. The most important falaj are Al Mintarib, Al Shariq,
Hatwah, Al Qa'a, Al Jahas, Dibeek, Al Raka, Shaahik, Al Heeli, Al Hawiya, Al
Dhaahir, Al Mutaaw'a and Al Ghabee. The most important springs, famous in the
Dhahir area are: 'Ain Yaya, Habseen, Abu Saheela, Abu Sareema, Abu Ghafa and 'Ain
Al Tamr.
In addition to all this, nature plays a beautiful role in the Wilayat of
Badiya. The environment differs between sand and mountains, the coast and green
oases. The Wilayat is famous for Arabian horse and camel racing which takes
place at the end of each week. Many enthusiasts from both inside and outside the
Sultanate, watch these races.
Wilayat al Qabil
In the north is the Wilayat of Ibra, to the south the Wilayat of Badiya,
in the north east it neighbours the Wilayat of Dima and Al Taaiyin, in the south
east Wadi Bani Khalid and in the west the Wilayat of Al Mudaibi. It contains
about 21 villages. There are about 69 archaeological sites, the most important
being two forts, one of them in Al Qabil and the other in Al Mudirab.
There are about 50 falaj, the most important being: Al Mudirab, Al Qabil,
Al Direez and Al Nabaa. It is also famous for a number of villages which are
located between the high, golden sand dunes. The most important of these
villages are Al Sakaa, Al 'Aqida, Al Kharis and Al Jufaa. There are also a
number of springs in the Wilayat. The most important are: 'Ain Marzuk, known for
water, 'Ain Wadi Barka and 'Ain Al Washal. The falaj, springs and villages
located in the middle of the sand dunes are tourist attractions.
Wilayat al mudaibi
In
the north it neighbours the Wilayats of Bidbid and Sumail, which are part of the
Dakhaliya region, and Ibra and Al Qabil which are part of the Sharqiya region,
in the south the Wilayat of Mahut, which is part of the Wusta region, in the
east the Wilayats of Badiya and Ja'alaan Bani Bu Hasan and Ja'alan Bani Bu 'Ali,
and in the west the Wilayats of lzki and Adam, which are part of the Dhakaliya
region. There are about 90 villages . Its history goes back thousands of years,
according to what archaeologists have discovered in Samad Al Shaan.
Some of its archeological features are: the castle of Al Jawabir in the
town of Al Rawdha, the two forts Kabeeb and Khazam in Samad Al Shaan, the fort
of Al 'Aqir, the castle of Al Busa'idi in the town of Al Akhdar, and Burj Warid
and the houses of Mutowa where the Wilayat meets the Wilayat of Ibra. The most
outstanding mosques of the Wilayat are Al Sawar in Al Mudaibi, and the Al Jam'aa
Mosque in Samad Al Shaan.
There are a number of tourist attractions, natural springs, falaj, caves
and modern places of amusement. The most important spring is 'Ain Al Harid,
which is famous for curing various contagious diseases. The two most important
falaj are Al Farsakhi and Bumanin.
There are caves throughout the mountains of Al Rawdha and Jabal Madar. One
of the modern amusement spots is in the Al Fasha'iya area in Wadi 'Andaam, and
others in the towns of Al Sahili, Wadi Daqiq and Wadi Da'ada'.
Wilayat dima and AlTaaiyin:
In the north it neighbours the Wilayat of Quriyat, which is part of the
Governorate of Muscat, in the south the Wilayat of Ibra, in the east the
Wilayats of Al Qabil and Badiya and in the west the Wilayats of Al Mudaibi and
Bidbid, which is part of the Dakhaliya. It contains about 51 villages. The
story-tellers say the people of the area once reared Arab horses and exported
them to markets in India, by sea. They also traded them internally to other
parts of the Sultanate and other areas ......thus the story-tellers relate.
The name Wadi Taaiyin goes back to the time of the collapse of the Ma'rab
Dam in the Yemen, when the Arab tribes fled to various places. The Ta'a tribe,
part of the Al Qahtaaina tribe descended through Wadi Sma'il then came out to
Wadi Al Taaiyin, where they settled. Some of the Al 'Udnaaniya trib also reached
the wadi which is named for them. What about the name "Wadi Dima"
The story-tellers say that the Wadi witnessed many local wars, which shed
much blood (dima) and that the name of the Wadi goes back to thos events. The
Wilayat of Dima and Taaiyin has many archeological features - forts, towers and
old mosques. There are castles in Al Hamaam, Khabah I and Al Husun. There are
also 87 towers distributed among various areas of the Wilayat, in addition to an
old mosque, which has recently been renovated.
The springs, falaj and caves in the Wilayat of Dima and Taaiyin are
outstanding tourist attractions, 'Ain Falaj Al Mamar, 'Ain Falaj Al Sakhana, 'Ain
Al Masafaa and 'ain Al Sakhana being the most important ones. Al 'Aqadaani, Al
Qaria, Al Luwyaili, Al 'Ain, Al Taht and Falaj Or are some of the most important
afalaj. The number of 'hot' afalaj is almost 200. There is one cave, Ghar Abu
Habaan. Wadi Daiqah is also another tourist attraction.
Wilayat Al kamil and Al Waafi
In the north it neighbours the Wilayat of Wadi Bani Khalid, in the west
the Wilayat of Badiya in the south the Wilayat of Ja'alan Bani Bu Hasan and in
the east the Wilayat of Sur.It contains about 40 villages and towns.
There are about 80 castles. The most outstanding mosques are the Al Jam'aa
Mosque, in the village of Al Waafi, and Al Shariya Mosque in Al Kamil, which was
built by the Ministry of Justice, Awqaf and Islamic Affairs. In addition there
is the mosque in the villages of Saiq and a number of other mosques in various
parts of the Wilayat.
The Wilayat of Al Kamil and Al Waafi has a number of natural areas with
running water which are important tourist attractions. Among them are the
village of Saiq, Al Baatin, Mazra', Tahuh and Wadi Laa. Natural springs, and
among them 'Ain AlRasa, 'Ain Falaj Yastan, and 'Ain Falaj Simoud are also
considered tourist attractions. There are other springs that only flow when
there has been much rain.
Wilayat Ja 'alan Bani Bu'Ali
It is located in the south east part of the Sultanate and is one of the
biggest Wilayats. It is a mix of three different geographical environments. What
are they ? The first is the coastal area of the Wilayat, the second, the desert
area and the third, the agricultural area. This mix of environments provides the
inhabitants with a variety of incomes. It contains about 137 villages. The coast
stretches more than 170 kilometres, from Ras Al Hadd in the north to Ras Al
Ruwais in the south; and scattered throughout are inhabited areas. The Wilayat
also includes the desert, so that it is made up of pasture, sand dunes and wadis.
Most of the people are Bedouin, but nowadays they are nearly all settled in
their areas. In addition, there is the urban environment where the inhabitants
practice agriculture and trade.
In the Wilayat Ja'lan Bani Bu 'Ali there are castles, forts, towers and old
mosques. One of the most important castles is that of "Al Hamouda" which was
built at the beginning of the 11th century A.H.
There are also some ruined houses which have been taken over by the
Organization of Castles and Forts. One of the principal forts of the Wilayat is
located in the Badi'ya area, and bears the same name."Husn Al Badi'ya". It was
built about 250 years ago. Some other forts are: Haasad, Al Lawiya, Jaabiya,
Jaabiya 'Ayun, Al Qatitra, Jaabiya Balidah, and two other forts, one in the
Shariy'a area and another in Kaabid. There are also 13 towers in various areas.
The Al Jam'aa Mosque was built in the 11th century A.H., it is unique in
form and design and it is made up of 52 cupolas in a wonderful feat of
engineering, in that its roof is also covered with cupolas. These allow light
and air into the mosque. His Majesty Sultan Qaboos had it restored at his own
expense. The Wilayat of Ja'alan Bani Bu 'Ali has a moderate climate throughout
most of the year, because of the winds that blow on to its shores from the
Arabian Sea and the Indian Ocean, carrying clouds, drizzle and rain. One of the
most important of these winds is called "Riyah Al Kawus", which is particularly
characteristic of the Al Ashkara area. This climate induces many Omanis and
people from neighbouring Gulf states to visit the area during the summer months,
and is considered a tourist attraction for the Wilayat. It is not the only
attraction, however ! There are wadis with very luxuriant tree growth, the most
important of which are: Wadi Saal, Wadi Al Rawdha, Wadi Abu Fashigha, Wadi Al
Labida,and Wadi Jarif.
There are a number of afalaj: Abu Al Hees, Al Dhahir, Al Seih, Hamad,
Ziyad, Al Jidar, Al Faleej, Al Rahyaan, Al Jadid, Ghadiraan, Zawid and Bahbouh.
There are also about 52 springs used for irrigating the fields, which have a
special system for distributing the water, similar to that of the falaj.
Wilayat Ja 'alan Bani Bu Hussan
To the east is the Wilayat of Sur, to the west the Rimal Aal Wahiba and the
Wilayat of Al Mudaibi, to the north the Wilayat of Al Kamil and Al Waafi and to
the south the Wilayat of Ja'alan Bani Bu 'Ali. It also stretches south to the
coast of the Arabian Sea and the Indian Ocean. There are about 160 villages .The
Wilayat chose two crossed spears as its emblem which indicates the bravery and
courage of its citizens.
There is a collection of archaeological sites in the Wilayat. There are
15 castles, the most important being: the castle of Awlaad Murshid in the Al
Manjarad area and the castle of Faleej. Al Mahiyul is considered the best fort
in the Wilayat, which also has 13 other forts. This shows that, previously, it
was a centre of local government. The most important of the 60 towers are: Al
Safara, Al Mursid, and Burj Al Saqata. The Wilayat also has 40 ancient mosques.
Springs, falaj and caves make up the tourist attractions of this Wilayat.
There are about 15 springs, the most important being : Jabal Qahwan, Al Khatam,
Al Balida, Dima, Al 'Aqba and 'Ain Um Al Baqr. The most important falaj are: Al
Manjarad, Al Buirad, Al Mahiyul, Al 'Aquiriya, Al Sharqi, Al 'Ais, Hilal and
Falaj Al Mashaaikh. There are a number of caves in Jabal Qahwan, which the
inhabitants used to live in, to protect themselves and their animals from the
fierce winds and rain. The most important of these caves are : Mataab, Al
Halifa, Wadi Al Marish, Matira and Wadi AI 'Atan..
Wilayat Wadi Bani Khalid:
In the west it neighbours the Wilayats of Badiya and Al Qabil, in the east
the Wilayat of Sur, in the south the Wilayat of Al Kamil and Al Waafi, and in
the north the Wilayat Dima and Al Taaiyin. It contains about 30 villages. It is
famous for a number of archaeological sites. There are some forts, the most
important being: Hasan AI Muwalik in the village of Al 'Awina, which dates back
to the 4 th century A.H., the biggest fort in the Wilayat and in the past was
the base of the Wali and the Judge, the fort of Al 'Adafin in the village of
Qaswah, and the fort of Al Raziqiyeen in the village of Al Husun. All in
addition to other forts of which only ruins remain. There are also 9 towers.
The Wilayat has many tourist features. The main one is the cave of Maqal,
where water falls from holes, then bursts out with a gurgling sound into a pool.
It disappears again and finally collects into lakes which the people distribute
into three falaj. The Wilayat chose this cave as its emblem. Other tourist
attractions are the springs, of which the most important are: 'Ain Duwah, Al
Lathab, Al Kabira', Al Haajir, Al Kanara, Al Makhdah, Al Hawiya, Al Jabiyat Al
khamra, Al Montajir, Al Halka, Al Ithnain and "Ain Ghalaala. In addition there
are 56 falaj, the most important being: Al Hili, Al Fardhah, Abu Ba'rah, Al
Saaruj, Al Garbi, Falaj Abu Khulaan and Al Kabeer.
Wilayat Masira
This is an island located in the south east of the Sultanate,
administratively it is part of the Sharqiya. Around it are a number of other
islands the most important of which are Marsis, Sha'anzi and Kalbaan. In the
Wilayat of Masira are a number of villages: Dafiyaan, Al Samar, Duwah Mashgaf,
Marsis, Sur Masira, Haqal, 'Amaq, Maaghah, Raasa Sha'ah, Al 'Aija, and Wadi Al
Maqar.
Masira which is located in the Arabian Sea was a rest station for ships anchored
off its shores, to get sweet water. Alexander the Great made it his base and
called it Serepsis. Its beaches are a tourist attraction by themselves and in
addition there are a number of springs on the island. The most important are: Al
Qatara, Wadi Bilad and others near Jabal Al Hulm in the south of the Wilayat.
The island has no falaj. A number of ancient forts are found on the island, the
2 most important being Marsis and Dafiyat.
Traditional occupations:
Wilayat Sur
Among the traditional occupations in the Wilayat of Sur are:
fishing, textiles, black-smithery, gold smithery, weaving, carpentry and
sweet-making. The principal traditional industries in the Wilayat of Sur, is the
building of sailing ships of all types and sizes. The best know of theses ships
is the "Ghanja" from which the Wilayat of Sur takes its emblem.
In addition, traditional old Omani doors, with their well-known emplishments,
and wooden windows are made, together with the curved "Sur Khanjas. Women 's
jewelry -old and new. Textiles are also produced, the most important are "Al
Azar", "Al Saba'ya", "Al Shawadhir", "Al Masr", and "Al Hasar Al 'Umaniya" .
Wilayat Ibra
The traditional occupations, industries and songs of the Wilayat are
various. The most important are: weaving, and especially weaving traditional
Omani clothes, spinning of goats hair,
making khanjars and women's jewellery, making artifacts from palm tree leaves
and ropes, and leather tanning etc. The industries are: drying dates and unripe
dates, drying lemons, weaving from palm leaves, making traditional leather
goods, and gold and silver working.
Wilayat bidiya
Agriculture is the main occupation for most people in the Wilayat. The most
important of its crops are fruit and vegetables and animal fodder, They also
cultivate grazing and animal husbandry The traditional industries are : gold and
silver working - jewellery, Khanjars and swords, and special tools such as the "Makharif"
which is used to collect dates from date palms and also the "Dharuf used to
storing dates, leather tanning for Khanjar belts, sword scabbards and weaving
with leaves, mainly ropes.
Wilayat al Qabil
The people of the Wilayat are famous for a number of occupations,
industries and traditional songs. Agriculture is their main occupation. The most
important products are : dates,various kinds of seasonal crops, and citrus
fruit. The people also spin and weave, make specialized handicrafts from the
leaves of palm trees, raise livestock - especially camels and horses - work as
blacksmiths and manufacture embellishments for camels and horses. The people of
the Wilayat of Al Qabil also follow traditional industries such as silver
working to make Khanjars and jewellery, sweet-making, making pottery in the town
of Al Mongara'd, in Wadi Naam, and also in mining Omani gypsum
Wilayat al mudaibi:
There
are various occupations, industries and traditional songs in the Wilayat.
Agriculture is the main occupation, famous products being: palm trees, lemons,
clover and vegetables, grazing and raising camels are also practiced. Spinning
and weaving textiles, weaving palm leaves, bee keeping, making agricultural
tools, especially ploughs and spades, making Omani sweets and mats
Wilayat dima and AlTaaiyin
The
Wilayat of Dima and Al Taaiyin is famous for agriculture and animal husbandry.
Much of the agricultural area has good grazing so animal resources have grown.
It is the main income for the citizens of the Wilayat. In addition there are
various agricultural products, such as several kinds of dates, which ripen early
(about a month before any other Wilayats in the Sultanate) The early marketing
of these dates is extremely lucrative for the farm owners. Khanjar making,
weaving, jewellery making and blacksmithery are some of the important
traditional industries.
Wilayat Al kamil and Al Waafi
A number of occupations, industries and traditional songs are practised
here. The occupations are: spinning, weaving clothes, making horse saddles and
embellishments for camels, belts, making khanjars and swords, animal husbandry
and grazing. The industries are: making wooden doors, windows, minbars,
wardrobes and beds. Aside from these pottery is made. There are woven goods such
as horse and camel saddles, men's and women's clothes, and handkerchiefs. Bricks
are also made.
Wilayat Ja 'alan Bani Bu'Ali
The Wilayat is famous for a number of occupations, industries and
traditional songs. Fishing is the main income for the people who live in the
coastal area, with. grazing and animal husbandry for the people of the desert,
and agriculture and trade for the people of the urban areas of the Wilayat. Ship
building is one of the most important traditional industries, especially in Al
Ashkhara, together with the making of gold and silver jewellery.
Wilayat Ja 'alan Bani Bu Hussan:
There are many traditional occupations in the Wilayat, but most of the
population are involved with agriculture, which is the main source of income.
The soil is very fertile and is suitable for many crops.For irrigation they
depend on falaj and wells. The most important agricultural products are: various
types of dates, vegetables, and fruit, especially mango. The most important
types of date are "Al Khalaas", "Al Madluki" and "Abu Naaranja". The people also
graze goats and camels, as the area has a particularly suitable type of grass.
In the coastal part of the Wilayat of Ja'alan Bani Bu Hasan, from Bandar Al
Saklaa to Bandar Al Jueera, most of the people are fishermen, and this is the
main income of the area. Some inhabitants are blacksmiths, making spears and
swords and agricultural tools. They also polish and maintain bronze pots,
eliminating the toxic sediment from cooking pots, and making them shiny and
clean again. In the desert people spin and weave goats hair and so fullfill
their needs for woollen items.
The "Shamaara" makes leather handicrafts such as scabbards for swords, belts and
holsters for rifles. Gold and silver working is also practised, making jewellery
and khanjars. Many people in the Wilayat also make woven or earthenware pots (Fakhaar),
to such an extent that the wadis in the west of the Wilayat are known as "Khaam
Al Fakhaar". There are also some modern industries in the Wilayat which have
developed during the Renaissance of His Majesty Sultan Qaboos. The most
important of these are dairy products, ice and brick manufacture.
Wilayat Wadi Bani Khalid
The Wilayat has numerous occupations, industries . The occupations are
weaving with leaves, animal husbandry and grazing, growing palm trees, citrus
fruit, mangos and bananas, and producing local folk remedies for mending broken
bones and cauterization. The industries are gold and silver working, weaving and
blacksmithery.
Wilayat Masira
Weaving is one of the most important traditional occupations. Masira was
famous for building types of ships which are rarely found now. However the
island is still famous for making fishing nets.
|
الرئيسية
سلطنة عمان
القائـــد الحكيم
المحافظات والمناطق
السياحة في عمان
منتديات عمان سول
مواقع لها علاقة
راسلنـــا
المراجع |
The
Soul of Flourishing